世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織：「2017年全球知識產(chǎn)權(quán)報告」解讀！

原標(biāo)題：WIPO發(fā)布2017年全球知識產(chǎn)權(quán)報告

2018年3月21日，世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織（WIPO）發(fā)布了2017年全球知識產(chǎn)權(quán)活動報告。報告指出，2017年，WIPO在專利、商標(biāo)和工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計方面的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)服務(wù)的使用再創(chuàng)歷史新高；中國成為通過WIPO提交國際專利申請的第二大來源國，逐漸逼近長期處于領(lǐng)先地位的美國。

2017年，2家中國科技公司是國際專利申請的最高記錄者，其中華為排名第1、中興排名第2，緊隨其后的是英特爾、三菱和高通。

2017年，日本增長強勁，但是中國略勝一籌排名第2；按照當(dāng)前的趨勢中國有望在3年內(nèi)超過美國，成為全球最大的PCT（Patent Cooperation Treaty）申請來源國。

整體而言，來自世界各地的發(fā)明人向WIPO提交了243500件國際專利，比上年增加4.5%，這得益于中國和日本的強勁增長。WIPO國際商標(biāo)申請（馬德里體系）增長了5%，包含56200項申請，而由WIPO工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計注冊（海牙體系）數(shù)量增長3.8%，達(dá)19429件。這標(biāo)志著WIPO三大申請體系連續(xù)第8年保持增長。

1、專利

2017年，美國PCT申請位居全球首位（56624），其次是中國（48882）、日本（48208）、德國（18982）、韓國（15763）。中國和印度是PCT申請前15名中僅有的兩個中等收入國家。2017年提交的PCT申請中，近一半來自亞洲（49.1％），歐洲（24.9％）和北美（24.2％）各占1/4。

Top15來源國中，中國是唯一一個年增長率達(dá)到兩位數(shù)的國家（+13.4%）。自2003年以來，中國每年的年增長率都超過10%。瑞典（+7%）和日本（+6.6%）增長同樣強勁，荷蘭（-5.2%）和意大利（-4.5%）的申請量出現(xiàn)下降。

兩家位于中國深圳的電信公司：華為（4024）和中興（2956）的PCT申請量位居前兩位；華為超過中興奪回領(lǐng)先地位，后者2017年的PCT申請量大幅下降。其次是美國英特爾公司（2637）、日本三菱電機公司（2521）和美國高通公司（2163）。Top10申請人中包括7家亞洲公司、2家美國公司和1家歐洲公司。

就教育機構(gòu)而言，2017年，加州大學(xué)PCT申請排名第1，擁有482件PCT申請，保持了自1993年以來的領(lǐng)先地位。麻省理工學(xué)院（278）位居第2，其次是哈佛大學(xué)（179）、德州大學(xué)系統(tǒng)（161）及約翰霍普斯金大學(xué)（129）。教育機構(gòu)申請人TOP10由美國機構(gòu)主導(dǎo)，Top20申請人中包含10所亞洲大學(xué)。牛津大學(xué)創(chuàng)新有限公司（Oxford University Innovation Limited）在教育機構(gòu)中排名第24位，是排名最高的歐洲大學(xué)。

計算機技術(shù)（占總量的8.6%）超過了數(shù)字通信（8.2%），成為PCT申請量最多的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。其次是電力機械（6.8%）和醫(yī)療技術(shù)（6.7%）。2017年，運輸（+11.8%）、計算機（+11.4%）和生物技術(shù)（+9.6%）是Top10技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中增長率最高的領(lǐng)域。

2、商標(biāo)

2017年美國提交的國際商標(biāo)申請數(shù)量最多，為7884件，緊隨其后的是德國（7316）、中國（5230）、法國（4261）和英國（3292）。

Top15來源國中，中國增長最快（+36.3%），其次是俄羅斯（+23.9%）、韓國（+9.8%）和英國（+9.3%）。中國和俄羅斯都是連續(xù)第二年取得兩位數(shù)的增長。相比之下，奧地利（-4.9%）、意大利（-6.6%）和荷蘭（-5.8%）的申請量均有所下降。

法國歐萊雅公司有198件申請，排名榜首，其次是匈牙利的Richter Gedeon Nyrt（117）、德國的ADP Gauselmann GMBH（104）、瑞士的諾華公司（96）以及歐洲的Abercrombie & Fitch Europe公司（82）。值得注意的是，Richter Gedeon Nyrt 2017年的申請量比上年增加了106件。Top15的申請人中包含12家歐洲公司、2家亞洲公司和1家美國公司。

國際商標(biāo)申請中，計算機和電子類申請占總量的9.8%，其次是商業(yè)服務(wù)（7.9%）和技術(shù)服務(wù)類（6.2%）。Top10類別中，機械和機床（+13.4%）以及商業(yè)服務(wù)（+6.2%）的增長最快。

3、工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計

2017年，外觀設(shè)計申請數(shù)量增長了3.8%，達(dá)19429件，與去年相比減少了5213件。

德國（4261件）仍然是國際外觀設(shè)計體系中最大的用戶；其次是瑞士（2935）、韓國（1742）、美國（1661）和法國（1396）。Top10來源國中，比利時（+189.2%）的增長最快，其次是美國（+17.8%）、法國（+15.2%）及瑞士（+14.9%）。

韓國兩大電子巨頭：三星電子（762）和LG電子（668）分別位列外觀設(shè)計申請人排行榜的前兩位。荷蘭Fonkel Meubelmarketing（490）的申請數(shù)量減少了463件，導(dǎo)致其排名從2016年的第1下降至2017年的第3。寶潔（488）和大眾汽車（369）分別位列第4和第5位。在裝飾照明行業(yè)活躍的希臘Fotistika Abeeg公司以357件外觀設(shè)計申請量位居第6，其上一年外觀設(shè)計申請量僅為8件。

在外觀設(shè)計中家具類申請占比最大（10.5%），其次是錄音和通訊設(shè)備（10.3%），其中包括電腦設(shè)備和手機，以及交通工具（7.6%）。

附：英文參考

China Drives International Patent Applications to Record Heights; Demand Rising for Trademark and Industrial Design Protection

Geneva, March 21, 2018

PR/2018/816

China moved into the second position as a source of international patent applications filed via WIPO in 2017, closing in on long-time leader United States of America, in another record year in the use of WIPO's intellectual property services for patents, trademarks and industrial designs.

Two Chinese technology companies were the top filers of international patent applications in 2017, with Huawei (number one filer) and ZTE (number two) followed by Intel, Mitsubishi and Qualcomm.

Japan posted strong growth in 2017 but was nosed out of the second position by China, which at current trends is projected to overtake the U.S. within three years as the largest source of applications filed under WIPO’s Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) – a system that has helped to spread innovation worldwide since it began operations 40 years ago.

Overall, inventors from around the world filed 243,500 international patent applications via WIPO, 4.5% more than the previous year – driven by strong growth from China and Japan. Demand grew by 5% for WIPO’s international trademark filing service (the Madrid System), which saw 56,200 applications, while the number of industrial designs handled by WIPO’s Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs grew by 3.8% to reach 19,429 designs contained in international applications. This marks the eighth consecutive year of growth for all three WIPO filing systems.

"This rapid rise in Chinese use of the international patent system shows that innovators there are increasingly looking outward, seeking to spread their original ideas into new markets as the Chinese economy continues its rapid transformation,” said WIPO Director General Francis Gurry. "This is part of a larger shift in the geography of innovation, with half of all international patent applications now originating in East Asia."

Patents

In 2017, U.S.-based applicants filed 56,624 PCT applications, followed by applicants from China (48,882) and Japan (48,208). Germany and the Republic of Korea ranked fourth and fifth, with 18,982 and 15,763 applications, respectively. China and India are the only two middle-income countries among the top 15 origins for PCT applications. Almost half of all PCT applications filed in 2017 came from Asia (49.1%), with Europe (24.9%) and North America (24.2%) accounting for a quarter each.

Among the top 15 origins, China is the only country to have recorded double-digit annual growth (+13.4%). China has now posted growth higher than 10% every year since 2003. Sweden (+7%) and Japan (+6.6%) also saw strong growth. In contrast, the Netherlands (-5.2%) and Italy (-4.5%) each saw a decrease in filings.

Two Shenzhen, China-based telecoms companies – Huawei Technologies (4,024 published PCT applications) and ZTE Corporation (2,965) – occupied the top two spots for PCT applications. Huawei reclaimed its lead over ZTE, the latter seeing a substantial drop in the number of published PCT filings in 2017. They were followed by Intel Corporation of the U.S. (2,637), Mitsubishi Electric Corporation of Japan (2,521) and Qualcomm Incorporated of the U.S. (2,163). The top 10 applicant list comprises seven companies from Asia, two from the U.S. and one from Europe.

Among educational institutions, the University of California was the largest user of the PCT System in 2017 with 482 published applications, extending a leading position it has held since 1993. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (278) ranked second, followed by Harvard University (179), the University of Texas System (161) and Johns Hopkins University (129),While the top 10 is dominated by U.S.-based institutions, the top 20 list includes 10 Asian universities. Coming in at 24th among the educational institutions is the highest-ranked European university: Oxford University Innovation Limited.

Computer technology (8.6% of the total) overtook digital communication (8.2%) to become the field of technology with the largest share of published PCT applications. These two fields were followed by electrical machinery (6.8%) and medical technology (6.7%),  Among the top 10 technologies, transport (+11.8%), computer technology (+11.4%) and biotechnology (+9.6%) were the fields with the highest rates of growth in 2017.

Trademarks

U.S.-based applicants (7,884) filed the largest number of international trademark applications using WIPO’s Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks in 2017, closely followed by those located in Germany (7,316), China (5,230), France (4,261) and the U.K. (3,292).

Among the top 15 origins, China saw the fastest growth (+36.3%), followed by the Russian Federation (+23.9%), the Republic of Korea (+9.8%) and the U.K. (+9.3%). Both China and the Russian Federation recorded their second consecutive year of double-digit growth. In contrast, Austria (-4.9%), Italy (-6.6%) and the Netherlands (-5.8%) each saw a drop in filings.

L’Oréal of France with 198 applications headed the list of top filers, followed by Richter Gedeon Nyrt. of Hungary (117), ADP Gauselmann GMBH of Germany (104), and Swiss companies Novartis AG (96) and Abercrombie & Fitch Europe SA (82). Of note, Richter Gedeon Nyrt. filed 106 more applications in 2017 than in 2016, when it filed 11. The top 15 applicants list is comprised of 12 companies from Europe, two from Asia and one from the U.S..

The most-specified class in international applications, computers and electronics, accounted for 9.8% of the total, followed by services for business (7.9%) and technological services (6.2%). Among the top 10 classes, machines and machine tools (+13.4%) and services for business (+6.2%) saw the fastest growth.

Industrial designs

The number of designs contained in the applications filed under the Hague System grew by 3.8% in 2017 to reach 19,429 designs while the 5,213 applications represented a decrease as compared to the previous year. The increase in the number of designs completed 11 years of uninterrupted growth for the Hague System.

Applicants based in Germany (4,261 designs contained in their applications) continue to be the largest users of the international design system, followed by those in Switzerland (2,935), the Republic of Korea (1,742), the U.S. (1,661) and France (1,396). Among the top 10 origins, Belgium (+189.2%) saw the fastest growth followed by the U.S. (+17.8%), France (+15.2%) and Switzerland (+14.9%).

Two electronics giants from the Republic of Korea, Samsung Electronics (762 designs) and LG Electronics (668), ranked first and second respectively in the top applicants list. Fonkel Meubelmarketing of the Netherlands (490) filed 463 fewer designs, causing it to drop from the top applicant in 2016 to number three in 2017. Procter & Gamble (488) and Volkswagen (369) were fourth and fifth, respectively. I. Paleohorinos Fotistika Abee of Greece, which is active in the decorative lighting industry, ranked 6th with 357 designs. It filed only 8 designs in the previous year .

Furnishing (10.5%) accounted for the largest share of all designs, closely followed by recording and communication equipment (10.3%), which includes computer equipment and mobile phones, and means of transport (7.6%).

來源：IPRdaily綜合中科院知識產(chǎn)權(quán)信息、WIPO官方網(wǎng)站

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